Environmental protection financing strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises

一、引言

Introduction

环保企业大部分都是中小企业，这与环保企业本身的性质是一致的。污染是由各个分散的生产过程产生的，因此污染防治作为生产过程的一个必要环节不可避免地也具有分散的特点，由此而产生了大量以治理污染为主要业务的中小型环保企业。同是中小企业，环保企业与其他中小企业一样面临着提高竞争力的问题，特别是如何在普遍采取BOT等市场化治理污染模式而企业自有资金不足的条件下完成投资规模较大的治理项目。本文把环保企业放在“中小企业”这个大的概念中进行分析，主要介绍中小企业在污染防治方面的融资策略，这样环保企业的融资问题也可在这个过程中得到借鉴和启示。

The majority of environmental protection enterprises are small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which is in keeping with the nature of the environmental industry. Pollution is caused by separate production processes; therefore, prevention of pollution, as an essential part of the production process, is inevitably characterized by separate operations. As a result, there emerged a large number of SMEs, which mainly deal with pollution management. Like other small and medium sized enterprises, environmental protection enterprises have to face the challenge of improving competitiveness. What adds to our difficulty is that we have to deal with the challenge with limited funding using BOT and other market-based management models. This essay analyses the environmental industry in the context of SMEs. It mainly introduces financing strategies for pollution prevention and management of SMEs.

中小企业在我国国民经济和社会发展中的地位十分重要。我国90%以上的企业都属于中小企业，国内生产总值的50%、税收的43%、社会商品销售额的57%、全部企业从业人数的75%以上和每年2000亿美元的出口总值的60%左右是由中小企业创造和提供的，同时中小企业在保持创新活力、适应市场变化等方面具有独特的作用，因此，国家十分重视中小企业的发展，制定了一系列鼓励中小企业发展的优惠政策等。

SMEs occupy an important place in the national economy and socioeconomic development. 90% of the Chinese enterprises fall into the category of SMEs. SMEs created 90% of China’s GNP, 43% of the tax revenues, 57% of commodity sales, 75% of the jobs in all enterprises, and 60% of the annual export volume USD 200 billion. Therefore, China attaches great importance to the development of SMEs and has formulated a series of incentive measures and preferential policies for SMEs.

另一方面，中小企业同时又是我国工业污染的主要来源之一，污染负荷占工业污染的50%左右，且有增加的趋势。中小企业污染源分散，结构性污染突出，主要集中在技术水平低、污染治理难的造纸、制革、电镀、印染、水泥、制砖、煤炭、有色金属、非金属和黑色金属矿物采矿业等行业。而且中小企业分布在许多城镇和农村地区，其污染状况对当地经济发展和生活质量具有相当大的影响，因此，对中小企业的污染治理，必须实行比较严格的环保政策，不能靠放松管理、得过且过的办法来维持中小企业生存。因此，防治中小企业污染也是一项艰巨的任务。

On the other hand, SMEs are one of the major sources of pollution. They account for 50% of the industrial pollution, and this percentage is likely to increase. Pollution comes mainly from paper mills, tanneries, electroplating, printing and dyeing, cement, brick making, coal, nonferrous metal, non-metal and ferrous metal, and mineral mining. Many SMEs are located in towns and rural areas. Pollution caused by SMEs has a significant impact on local economic development and the quality of life. Therefore, we must implement stricter environmental protection policies and spare no efforts to control and prevent pollution. We can see that it’s a formidable task to manage and prevent pollution caused by SMEs.

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